Gender Discrimination In The Workplace - 1867 Words

Discrimination in the workplace, specifically gender discrimination is a significant matter, impacting women all over the world. Defined by the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention No. 11, discrimination is ‘Any distinction, exclusion or preference made on the basis of race, colour, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin, which has the effect of nullifying or impairing equality of opportunity or treatment in employment or occupation.’. As stated by Gillian Loveday, â€Å"†¦women are indeed different from men but this should not be seen as inferior to men in the workplace.† (Loveday, 1997). Whilst this statement may have been written 20 years ago, the argument is still relevant today, particularly to†¦show more content†¦Some objectives of the above outlined Acts relevant to Tui’s case include: 1. Making discriminatory acts in certain areas upon certain grounds unlawful. 2. Provide remedies for discriminatory actions to individual complainants, whilst keeping the complaint system confidential, with a process concerning conciliation, and education, and providing access to a tribunal system where complaints may be heard publicly. Article 4(1) of the UN convention on the elimination of all forms of discrimination against women expressly authorises ‘temporary special measures aimed at accelerating de facto equality between men and women’. In addition to this, the Workplace Gender Equality Act (2012) has also been developed to prevent discrimination in the workplace, with the aid of the Australian Government agency, the Workplace Gender Equality Agency (WGEA) whose role is to promote and improve gender equality in Australian workplaces (Workplace Gender Equality Agency, 2017). Relevant to Tui’s case, the objectives of the Workplace Gender Equality Act (2012) include the following: 1. Supporting employers to remove barriers to the full and equal participation of women in the workforce, in recognition of the disadvantaged position of women in relation to employment matters. 2. Promote, amongst employers, the elimination of discrimination on theShow MoreRelatedGender Discrimination And The Workplace Essay1242 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen make towards gender workplace equality but gender workplace discrimination continues to be an impediment to gender equality. For the purpose of research on gender workplace discrimination, I used four journal articles. The first article, Minimizing Workplace Gender and Racial Bias, by author William T. Bielby, discusses stereotyping in the workplace. The article offers suggestions on how organizations should review their policy and procedures to minimize bias in the workplace. This articleRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace962 Words   |  4 Pages Gender Discrimination in the Workplace Santisha Fleming Human Resource Management Dr.Juluis Demps –Management 360 Jacksonville University April, 1, 2015â€Æ' American women can vote, hold office, and they can work in a public work environment. They are considered have an equal opportunity when compared to men. What is the true definition of equal employment opportunity? Does this mean that women and men are offered the same opportunities in the workplace? As well treated equally in regardsRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1165 Words   |  5 PagesGender discrimination in the workplace is a recurring issue in businesses today. Employees are given the right by their employers to be protected from discrimination and inequality in the workplace. In just about every business setting today, men and women work together in the same fields, jobs, and projects. However, it has only been up until (relatively) recently that men and women have been in competition for the same jobs. With the predetermined assumptions of the different roles between bothRead MoreGender Discrimination in the Workplace765 Words   |  4 Pages Gende r discrimination can cover a wide variety of social prejudice. Throughout much of world history, even American history women have been treated as second class citizens. In the United States women have had to fight for rights such as the right to vote, or own land. These are just a few examples of the many injustices that women have had to face. Men have held the position of leadership, and power throughout history when it comes to almost everything. Men would even decide to whom a womenRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace866 Words   |  4 PagesGender Discrimination in the Workplace Many people associate certain occupations with a certain gender, like women with nurses and teachers, and men with lawyers and truck drivers. If those genders and occupations switched, the majority would deem it unethical. Occupations should not be linked with specific genders; whereas, they should be accessible to both genders. In certain occupations, people are treated differently because of their gender and labeled with different stereotypes. There shouldRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1356 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Introduction For many decades now it has been said that there has been inequality in the workplace, it has been a major issue in the workplace in terms of women not being allowed to have certain jobs as well as in terms of women not being promoted within the workplace which all contributes to women being paid less than men. According to Ryan and Branscombe (2013), gender discrimination has been defined as the differential treatment members of one group receive compared to another by many socialRead MoreGender Discrimination At The Workplace1749 Words   |  7 PagesMatthew Anders Prof. Bross College Writing November 14, 2014 Gender Discrimination in The Workplace In recent years, the issue of gender equality in the workplace and equal pay has been under serious debate. Although there has been significant improvement since when women were first able to work and equal opportunity laws were created, there is still some room for more improvement. The federal government has made laws over the years such as The Civil Rights act, Equal Pay Act and Family andRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace2876 Words   |  12 Pageshave reached maturity, and that stereotyping and discrimination cease to exist. But it is from my own personal experience that I have found this is in fact, not the case, and that harassment in the workplace is a very real issue. Primarily, I am researching the way media portrays gender-biases in the workplace, and why they are relevant. Additionally, I am looking at which occupations might lead to higher levels of emotional stress related to gender inequality for women, and to what historical eventsRead MoreGender Dis crimination And The Workplace Essay1811 Words   |  8 PagesStereotypical gender norms have had a negative impact on what our society perceives as normal tasks for female accountants. More often than not, male accountants are given more demanding tasks in comparison to their female coworkers who are equally qualified but handed less strenuous tasks. Currently, there seems to be a gap in the ratio of women to men in positions of authority. This can be a variety of reasons, one being social norms of what is expected of women in the workforce. Women are frequentlyRead MoreGender Discrimination And The Workplace1835 Words   |  8 PagesGender Discrimination There are many things that a potential employee has to worry about when considering taking a position within a company. Things like the amount of pay they need, the benefits that will be offered to them, the values and morals of the company and whether or not those values and morals align with their own, and if they could see themselves growing within this company throughout the years because no one wants to work a dead end job for the rest of their life. However, along with

Macroeconomics - 908 Words

Lesson 4 1. If an economy produces final output worth $5 trillion, then the amount of gross income generated by that production: is $5 trillion 2. Which of the following would not be ian expenditure on a final good or service? a medical clinics purchase of flu vaccine 3. Which of the following would be included in GDP? payment of the monthly telephone bill by Mr. Laconic 4. Consumption in the expenditures approach to calculating GDP includes: purchases of medical services at the local clinic 5. Which of the following is not considered a component of investment when calculating GDP? purchases of corporate stock 6. Which of the following is not included in GDP? interest payments on the national debt 7. Which of the following†¦show more content†¦Which of the following would not be included in an economists definition of investment spending? the purchase of General Motors stock by Donald Trump 26. Which of the following is not considered a component of government purchases in calculating GDP? unemployment compensation payments 27. U.S. exports are: included in U.S. GDP because they are produced domestically 28. Double counting in the value added approach to GDP refers to: counting the total value of a final output in addition to the value of the inputs used to make it 29. The ultimate goal of studying the circular flow model is to understand the flow of: resources, goods, and money through the economy 30. Suppose that the economy is in equilibrium with a trade surplus and with saving less than investment. According to the circular flow model, the governments budget: must be in surplus 31. If aggregate income equals aggregate expenditure, which of the following will not be true? Saving must equal investment. 32. Which of the following is a leakage from the circular flow? Savings 33. Which of the following is not a problem associated with GDP as a measure of social welfare? It excludes intermediate goods as a separate entry. 34. Which of the following increases GDP? Homeowners purchase lawn care services rather than maintain the lawns themselves. 35. How does net domestic product (NDP) differ from gross domestic product (GDP)? GDP includes that part of the capital stock used upShow MoreRelatedMacroeconomics And Macroeconomics Of Macroeconomics1445 Words   |  6 PagesMacroeconomics (from the Greek prefix makro- meaning large and economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies.[1][2] With microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields ineconomics. Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, National income, price indices, and the interrelationsRead MoreNew Classical Macroeconomics And Macroeconomics Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pagesclassical Macroeconomics is an important school of macroeconomics development since 1970s. New Classical Macroeconomics is originally evolved from the school of Rational Expectations and monetarism. New classical Macroeconomics is also referred to the Macroeconomics of the rational expectations, or equilibrium method for Macroeconomics. New classical Macroeconomics abides by traditions of the classical economics and believes in the effectiveness of market forces. New classical Macroeconomics tries toRead MoreMacroeconomics And Macroeconomics Individual Assignment772 Words   |  4 PagesMacroeconomics Individual Assignment 1 Wil Creasy Part A Since the beginning of the 1990s, Japan has experienced significant declines in household net savings rates. The 90’s was a decade of slow growth, and households devoted a large portion of their incomes to maintaining consumption levels. â€Å"Large amounts of liquid savings in postal savings accounts and in banks meant the majority of the population did not feel they had to increase saving in order to rebuild assets.† (Feldstein, 2010) A numberRead MoreObjectives of Macroeconomics1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Macroeconomics Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 INTRODUCTION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Macro means large, and micro means small. Microeconomics takes a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers and investors. Microeconomics stresses on the role of prices in business and personal decisionsRead MoreMacroeconomic Theories Of Macroeconomics And Classical Economics999 Words   |  4 Pages Macroeconomics is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies. With microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields in economics. There are two major macroeconomic theories that economists use to describe the economy. Those theories are Keynesian and Classical. Each theory has a different approach to the economic studyRead MoreMacroeconomics641 Words   |  3 Pagescroecon [pic] Introduction to Economics EF 110 Take home exercise Due date: Wednesday 27th April 6pm 2011 This assignment must be submitted via moodle EF110 homepage. This assignment accounts for 10% of the final module grade Answer all questions. Marks awarded for each question can be clearly seen. This is an individual test and while it is expected that you may consult notes, etc, the final work shown should be your work alone. Your signature below will be taken asRead MoreThe Study of Macroeconomics1507 Words   |  7 Pages†¢ Micro vs. Macro †¢ Microeconomics – the study of how individual households and firms make decisions and how they interact with one another in markets. †¢ Macroeconomics – the study of the economy as a whole. – Its goal is to explain the economic changes that affect many households, firms, and markets at once. †¢ The Two Groups of Economists †¢ Macroeconomists †¢ Focus on the economy as a whole. †¢ Spend much time analyzing how total income changes and how changes in income cause changes inRead MoreMacroeconomic Essay1448 Words   |  6 PagesMacroeconomic theory essay. Evaluate the theoretical argument that price and wage flexibility allow an economy to correct a negative demand shock. Provide evidence from Japan in the 1990s to illustrate your answer and consider briefly what policy lessons may follow for dealing with the impact of the current world financial crisis. In the year 2007-2008, the global economy has been suffering deeply from the impact of the major financial crisis. This event is considered the worst of its kindRead MoreMacroeconomic Objectives2174 Words   |  9 Pages----------------4-5 Macroeconomic objective----------------------------------------------------------------4-5 Part three--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5-7 Conflicts--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5-7 Reference-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Macroeconomic assignment Elvis yu Read MoreMacroeconomics Gdp5520 Words   |  23 PagesCirculation in macroeconomics Macroeconomics (from Greek prefix makros- meaning large + economics) is a branch of economics dealing with the performance, structure, behavior, and decision-making of an economy as a whole, rather than individual markets. This includes national, regional, and global economies.[1][2] With microeconomics, macroeconomics is one of the two most general fields in economics. Macroeconomists study aggregated indicators such as GDP, unemployment rates, and price

System Engineering Design-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: You are required to write a report which critically analyses the Conceptual design phase of a systems engineering project. Projects might include designing a light rail network for a city. Answer: Introduction Fueled that are concerned about the energy, emission of green house gases and the quality of indoor air also have created an interesting explosion of Environmentally Conscious Building in the construction industry. The green outlook offers the construction industry a vast opening towards energy consumption. This report depicts the importance of developing Environmentally Conscious Building in terms of Green building in Australia. The building components and operations could be executed successfully after the implementation of the green building in the construction industry. A divergent process set is needed for implementing successfully the green model. In order to meet the demand of the Australian Government it is necessary to develop the programs those are increasing the stringent regulation related to the water conservation, energy usage, energy efficiency as well. The construction of green building in Australia currently encountered many impediments due to the presence of lack of green building project management framework. The Prince's Terrace Adelaide is one of the most well known sustainable buildings of Australia. Even this is the first 6 star green start rating building that had used 50% lesser energy and 50% of lesser portable water than the urban dwelling. The definition of Environmentally Conscious Building and a conceptual design of Environmentally Conscious Building are elaborated in this report. Need definition for the Environmentally Conscious Building (Green Building) The construction of green building is referred to as a part of sustainable construction. Prins (2015) stated that under the context of community the sustainable construction process is capable to address different issues related to ecology, social impact and commercial issues also. In order to dispose the building sustainable constriction is required to be applied throughout the life cycle of the green construction. Not only during the project development phase but also at the pre project implementation phase also the concepts of green construction are eventually applied in the construction industry (Lesovik, et al. 2014). The main aim of construction industry is to reduce the impact of construction kevel practices over the environment through usage of planning and managing the construction projects. It has been found that development of green building is much difficult than development of a traditional building because the materials needed to develop such building are generally comes from environmental renewable and non renewable both resources such as solar energy, water, oxygen, timber etc. In the development of conventional projects the schematic design processes are consists of different simplified and general level concepts. On the other hand, for developing green building projects the basic requirements include unique design features (Attia et al. 2014). In green building the design for the lighting is also different from the traditional concept. It consists of fixture low energy lightings along with the natural lighting features through the help of installation of strategic windows. At the same time, it also uses the concept of energy efficient florescent lighting. Many other materials are there such as recyclable bamboos, toxic free material; cabinets free from formaldehyde, non toxic paint are also required to develop energy efficient green buildings. The green building design concept is divided into three different categories such as building materials, layout and indoor lighting also. In order to build such energy efficient buildings it is very much necessary to develop the building layout at the very initial phase. If the layout is found to be not that much beneficial then, the implemented green building will also not be profitable and energy efficient (Kucukvar and Tatari 2013). The green projects are costlier than the traditional projects. The capital ranges of the green projects are generally 1% to 2.5% of higher than the general construction projects. In order to integrate the green materials to the construction project higher cost is required. On the other hand the green material costs ranges higher around 3% to 4% than the traditiona l construction materials (Ireland et al. 2015). Though green buildings are environment friendly but still many challenges are also found to be associated to this. The development of an environmentally conscious building mainly focuses on decreasing the overall impact of natural environment. For successful formation of such project the different divergent processes are required to be adopted by the green building project development team. In order to develop such building the valuable elements those are required to be considered include segmentation, relationship and properties. Different methods are there through which green buildings could be constructed. Based on the type and quality of projects the project developers are required to use the most valuable approaches (Taboada 2014). With the help of different improved operations the green buildings could be constructed. Green building is referred to as a cornerstone for sustainable development. On the other hand the environmental sustainability could be served by the project development authority, through the usage of water and energy savings. In order to construct such buildings the necessary steps those are required to be followed include: Conceptual design Construction renovation Operation Maintenance Material disposal Demolition Figure 1: Life cycle of a green building (Source: Ireland et al. 2015, pp- 300) Design: At the very initial phase the green building developers are required to design the building outline. After analyzing the factors of green building the developer should create a blueprint of the building. With the help of the blueprint, the developer will be able to understand about the expected outcome (Louw 2013). The designer must consider the sustainable components and they must design such a building that could boost up the environmental economic background, health and productivity performance over the traditional buildings. Construction: In order to construct green building only different renewable resources are required to be considered by the project developer. Renovation: Even after the development of such building the constructors should make renovation over the construction to make it more eco friendly. Operation: The operations of Green buildings are completely different from the conventional buildings. The development of the project operation would involve the participants for the From different survey it has been found that with the help of green building development materials the annual electricity utilization also gets consumed. It has been demonstrated that small projects has the ability to make bigger choices if it comes to think about the concept of sustainability (Australian Conservation Foundation 2017). In order to achieve 6 green star rating, the first residential that has been developed in Australia is The Princes Terrace Adelaide. In order to build community the green project has considered all the renewable resources. In order to develop a green building it is very much necessary to consider all sustainable construction materials and also develop certain programs for managing the framework properly (Robinson and Liu 2015). Currently, with the developing concept of Internet of Things (IoT), the utilization of technology is also increasing eventually. Again, one of the most identifiable practices that is required to develop a green building is a waste management plan, With the help of the waste management plan the issues associated to the traditional building could be completely mitigated. The other practices that the green building developers should consider includes aggregated recycling, renewable resources etc (Derikvand et al. 2016). In order to construct a green building the general steps those are required to be followed are illustrated. Conceptual design for Environmentally Conscious Building (Green Building) After analyzing the concept of Green building it has been found that, most of the conceptual design is constructed considering different methods such as decreasing cost of energy consumption and reducing rate of waste water. With the development of different new technologies the operations will become much efficient and effective as well (Kashyap and Parida 2017). Moreover, it can be said that the operational processes are influenced with the advanced technologies. The design layout, is consists of three different layers. The below diagram represents the conceptual design of Environment Conscious Building (Green Building): Figure 3: Conceptual design for Green building (Source: created by author) Figure 3: General design for Green building (Source: created by author) The components of the green building are: solar panel, alternative soar panel, quality insulation material, rain water reservation reservoir, vacuum system, dehumidification system. Again the principles of the green design are also required to be considered by the development team. The green building is absolutely different from the conventional building approach. In order to design a green building the elements those are needed to be incorporated include: Enhancing the data efficiency Materials selected for constructing the home Increasing the efficiency for using water Development in the water quality that helps to improve the health if the family members In order to increase the energy efficiency, advanced framing is needed. An advanced framework will provide structured sound house for along with advanced energy efficiency. It also helps to reduce the material cost and labor cost as well. With the usage of the hot water the energy of the home will be consumed up to 25% extra. In order to reduce the standby heat loss, insulation between the hot water and cold water pipes are required (Hormiga and Scharff 2014). Not only this, but also the house hold appliances also differs in case of traditional and the green building. The home feature appliances are very much energy efficient. The Environment Protection Agency has planned a program named as Energy star to meet the energy efficient criteria. The other elements selected for developing green building include air sealing, radian barrier, insulation solar power, thermostat etc. Even the paint that should be used in such green buildings is required to be non toxic ceramic powder. The other materials include engineering wood, fiber cement siding and recyclable materials. Solar panel: With the help of the solar energy converter the solar energy comes the sum will be automatically converted into electricity and it will eventually reduce the electricity cost. On the other hand, for forming the operational processes the optional solar energy is found to be very much helpful. At the top floor of the green building the solar panel is located for absorbing the solar radiation. For generating the solar power from the solar radiation solar panels are used in the green building (Yang, Zou and Keating 2013). In order to form the other operational processes the alternative solar panels are used. Again there is a reservoir that will store the rain water. A porous paving scheme: A porous paving scheme is developed that helps to runoff the rainwater from the rain water reservoir. Filtering: For avoiding the outdoor chemicals and for fixing the oil and other fluids coming from fluid leakage, filter is used n different section of the green building. It can prevent the water to get contaminated from the water runoff. Drainage: Drainage is another important thing that is implemented for this building. The drainage system helps to drain the water from the roof and other surrounding landscape. Even the drainage allows the water to flow in a proper direction. Contamination free materials: Materials those are free from microbial contamination are used by the constructors to build the green building. After considering the operational requirement of the green building project it has been found that, for framing a green building it is necessary to use solar panels for implementation and energy storing as well. With the help of construction activities and planning the Environmentally-Conscious Building is developed. The components used to build this building are rain water collecting reservoir, central vacuum system, insulation material etc. Conclusion From the overall discussion it can be concluded that for sustainable development, implementation of green building is very much important. The concept of green building has been completely changed with the growing concern of climate change and sustainable construction. Different project level solution has been offered to overcome the barriers facing by the green building. There is a large discrimination between the traditional building and green building. The materials used for developing such building are mostly eco-friendly by nature. In this report the definition of green building and the conceptual design for green building are developed. References Attia, S., Hamdy, M., OBrien, W. and Carlucci, S., 2013. Assessing gaps and needs for integrating building performance optimization tools in net zero energy buildings design.Energy and Buildings,60, pp.110-124. Australian Conservation Foundation (2017).60L Green Building. [online] Available at: https://www.acf.org.au/60l_green_building [Accessed 17 Aug. 2017]. Derikvand, M., Nolan, G., Jiao, H. and Kotlarewski, N., 2016. What to Do with Structurally Low-Grade Wood from Australias Plantation Eucalyptus; Building Application?.BioResources,12(1), pp.4-7. FIDELMAN, P., Van TUYEN, T., Nong, K., Nursey-Bray, M., Keoc, P. and Owusu, M., 2016. Adaptive Capacity of Coastal Resource Management Institutions in Cambodia, Viet Nam and Australia.APN Science Bulletin,6, pp.27-33. Hormiga, G. and Scharff, N., 2014. The strange case of Laetesia raveni n. sp., a green linyphiid spider from Eastern Australia with a preference for thorny plants (Araneae, Linyphiidae).Zootaxa,3811(1), pp.083-094. Ireland, S., Belton, S., McGrath, A., Saggers, S. and Narjic, C.W., 2015. Paperbark and pinard: A historical account of maternity care in one remote Australian Aboriginal town.Women and Birth,28(4), pp.293-302. Kashyap, K. and Parida, S.D., 2017. Closing the Loop between Building Sustainability and Stakeholder Engagement: Case Study of an Australian University.World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Civil, Environmental, Structural, Construction and Architectural Engineering,11(3), pp.286-293. Kucukvar, M. and Tatari, O., 2013. Towards a triple bottom-line sustainability assessment of the US construction industry.The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment,18(5), pp.958-972. Lesovik, R., Degtev, Y., Shakarna, M. and Levchenko, A., 2014. Green composites in architecture and building material science.Modern Applied Science,9(1), p.45. Louw, M., 2013.An international comparison of green star building allowances with emphases on a South African application(Doctoral dissertation, University of Pretoria). z, A.M. and Ergnl, S., 2015. Improving Occupants Satisfaction and Productivity in Sustainable Building Design.Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering,13(4), pp.39-48. Prins, H., 2015. Adapting to Constraints-A Study of Green Star New Zealand's Effects on Decision Making using Classic Grounded Theory. Robinson, G.M. and Liu, Z., 2015. Greening and un greening Adelaide, South Australia.AIMS Enviro Sci,2, pp.511-532. Taboada, R., 2014. How Buildings Will Save the World: Using Building Energy Regulation and Energy Use Disclosure Requirements to Target Greenhouse Gas Emissions.Hastings LJ,66, p.519. Yang, R.J., Zou, P.X. and Keating, B., 2013, January. Analysing stakeholder-associated risks in green buildings: A social network analysis method. InWBC 2013: Proceedings of the 19th International CIB World Building Congress(pp. 1-12). Queensland University of Technology. Zhou, Z., Liu, P., Li, Z. and Ni, W., 2013. An engineering approach to the optimal design of distributed energy systems in China.Applied Thermal Engineering,53(2), pp.387-396.

Civil Rights Timeline Essay Example For Students

Civil Rights Timeline Essay annonJan. 15, 1929 Dr. King is born Born on Jan. 15, 1929, inAtlanta, Ga., he was thesecond of three children of the Rev. Michael (later Martin) andAlbertaWilliams King. Sept. 1, 1954 Dr. King becomes pastor In 1954, King accepted hisfirst pastoratetheDexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Ala. He and his wife,Coretta Scott King, whom he had met and married (June 1953) while atBoston University. Dec. 1, 1955 Rosa Parks defies city segregation Often calledthe mother of the civilrights movement, Rosa Louise McCauley Parks, b. Tuskegee, Ala., Feb. 4,1913, sparked the 381-day Montgomery bus boycott that led to a 1956Supreme Court order outlawing discriminatory practices on Montgomerybuses. In December 1955, returning home from her assistant tailor jobinMontgomery, Parks refused a bus drivers order to surrender her seatto awhite man. She was jailed and fined $14. Dec. 5, 1955 Montgomery bus boycott- Although precipitated by thearrest of RosaParks, the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955-56 was actually acollectiveresponse to decades of intimidation, harassment and discriminationofAlabamas African American population. By 1955, judicial decisionswerestill the principal means of struggle for civil rights, even thoughpicketing,marches and boycotts sometimes punctuated the litigation. The boycott,which lasted for more than a year, was almost 100 percent effective. Dec. 21, 1956 Bus segregation declared illegal The boycottssucceeded indesegregating public facilities in the South and also in obtainingcivil rightslegislation from Congress. Civil Rights TimelineSept. 24, 1957 May 2, 1963Sept. 24, 1957 School integration In September 1957 the statereceived nationalattention when Gov. Orval E. Faubus (in office 1955-67) tried topreventthe integration of Little Rock Central High School. President DwightD. Eisenhower quickly intervened, in part by sending federal troops toLittleRock, and several black students were enrolled at Central High School. Aug. 19, 1958 Student sit-ins In spite of the events in LittleRock or Montgomery, orSupreme Court decisions, segregation still pervaded American societyby1960. While protests and boycotts achieved moderate successes indesegregating aspects of education and transportation, otherfacilities suchas restaurants, theaters, libraries, amusement parks and churcheseitherbarred or limited access to African Americans, or maintained separate,invariably inferior, facilities for black patrons. Nowhere was thecontradiction of accepting money with one hand while withholdingservicewith the other so glaring as the lunch counters of five-and-ten centstoresand department stores. This situation coincided with a growing dissatisfaction among theyoungblack population. Although many of them enjoyed political, educationandeconomic rights undreamed of by their elders, the remaining barriersseemed as high as ever. Often violence, threats and politicalmachinations,such as token integration maintained the status quo. This exhibitfeatures arestored dime store lunch counter, populated with student protesters,andincludes audio visual segments of the events. May 3, 1961 Freedom Riders The Congress of Racial Equalityorganizes theFreedom Riders.Sept. 30, 1962 University Riot During the 1960s, Mississippi wasa center of the CivilRights movement. Despite the 1954 Supreme Court decision makingsegregated schools illegal, the state did not quickly instituteracialintegration. In 1962 a black student, James Meredith, attempted toattendthe University of Mississippi law school. His admission was blocked,andduring the subsequent violence, federal troops were sent to restoreorder toa 15 hour riot. Violent incidents against blacks took place as thestrugglefor integration continued. .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb , .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .postImageUrl , .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb , .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb:hover , .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb:visited , .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb:active { border:0!important; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb:active , .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u47efc69941ac9cf52d68f4964a50ddfb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Myth of co parenting EssayMay 2, 1963 Youth Marches Youth Marches occur at City Hall. Civil Rights TimelineAug. 28, 1963 May 7, 1965Aug. 28, 1963 King delivers his I have a dream speech Kingorganized the massiveMarch on Washington (Aug. 28, 1963) where, in his brilliant I HaveaDream speech, he subpoenaed the conscience of the nation beforethejudgment seat of morality.Jan. 23, 1964 24th Amendment ratified The 24th Amendment to the U. S. Constitution, proposed by Congress on Aug. 27, 1962, and ratifiedJan. 23, 1964, bans the use of poll taxes in federal elections (a deviceimposedby some states to circumvent the 15th Amendments guarantee of equalvoting rights). Intended to alleviate the burdens of black and poorcitizens,it states that in any presidential or congressional election, nocitizen can bedenied, by the state or federal government, the right to vote becauseoffailure to pay either a poll tax or any other tax. Jul. 2, 1964 Civil Rights Act Congress enacted new legislation inan attempt toovercome local and state obstruction to the exercise of citizenshiprights byblacks. These efforts culminated in the Civil Rights Act of 1964,whichprohibited discrimination in employment and established the EqualEmployment Opportunity Commission. This major piece of